Thanks. It is indeed interesting. Surprisingly the hierarchy of captivated wolves has much to do with sympathy between the pack members and not so much with strenght.
i would guess due to less challenges faced in captivity or might be other way around ? ^^ never really seen any studies regarding captive ones, so couldnt tell ^^
Actually it's more stressful for them, because when there are tensions between pack members they can't get out of their ways. European wolves in the wildlife usually only live with their partner and their puppies, not with more adult wolves.
ouch ^^ saw your other pics aswell with female fights seems brutal thought it was an omega who died at 1st sight, since in the wilderness its usually the case from what i read before ...
but 1st time for me to learn that European wolves dont live in large packs rather than families